A new design of circularly-polarised conical-beam microstrip patch antennas using a genetic algorithm

Two circularly-polarised conical beam air-dielectric microstrip patch antennas for short-range low-power Wireless Sensor Network application were designed using genetic algorithms. They were achieved using two slots or a shorting wall, both designs involving coaxial feed. The performance of the optimised antenna designs were analysed using commercial simulators in terms of return loss and axial ratio. The attained results indicate that the optimal antennas met design objectives under several certain constraints. Moreover, the capabilities of GA are shown as an efficient optimisation tool for selecting globally optimal parameters to be used in simulations with an electromagnetic antenna design code, seeking convergence to designated specifications.