Zonal network model of European interconnected electricity network

In this paper the authors discuss the feasibility of a zonal UCTE network model for congestion management. Zonal network model aggregates all nodes within a control zone and substitutes it by one equivalent node; individual cross-border lines are substituted by equivalent one link per border. This model allows derivation of power transfer distribution factors PTDF matrix that could model the interaction between zonal power injections and cross-border flows, and therefore allow for the implementation of flow-based congestion management models