Multipath location aided routing in 2d and 3d

There are several ad hoc routing algorithms that utilize position information in two dimensional (2D) coordinates to make routing decisions at each node. The well known 2D position based routing algorithm, greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR) does not function correctly in three dimensions (3D). We designed MLAR (multipath location aided routing), a multipath variant of LAR (location aided routing). MLAR is position based, works efficiently in both 2D and 3D and uses alternate path routing. We have implemented and validated MLAR through simulations using ns-2 and studied its efficiency, scalability and other properties. We evaluated and compared the relative performance and benefits of our MLAR approach versus LAR, AODV and AOMDV in both 2D and 3D for a range of traffic and mobility scenarios. We present a direct comparison of a multipath position based algorithm with a multipath non-position based algorithm, as well as with both their single path versions. We also extended ns-2 to support 3D mobility models and routing protocols