Accuracy of DFT-based synchrophasor estimators at off-nominal frequencies

The accuracy of synchrophasor estimators is a well-known critical issue in systems for smart grid monitoring and control. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the effect of off-nominal frequency deviations on single-cycle and multi-cycle DFT-based synchrophasor estimators. Unlike other qualitative or simulation-based results available in the literature, this work provides some accurate and easy-to-use expressions that can be used to keep the total vector error within given target uncertainty boundaries.