Advanced and adaptive protection for active distribution grid

Classic protection schemes for existing distribution systems designed for passive and radial networks have been shown to be inadequate for emerging distribution grids. A new protection paradigm, architecture and philosophy are required in response to changes in behaviour of fault currents. These changes are due to the introduction of distributed generation and flexible network topologies, microgrids and islanded schemes. This paper introduces the concept of the advanced and adaptive protection for emerging distribution grids. Viable solutions using intelligent electronic devices and appropriate communication systems are presented. Preliminary results as applied a specific distribution system operated by Duke Energy are also shown. The proposed concept will pave the way for the optimal protection of future smart grids.