Movement-based location management for 3G cellular networks

We propose a dynamic fractional movement-based location management scheme for 3G networks where home location registers (HLRs), gateway location registers (GLRs), and visitor location registers (VLRs) are formed into a three-level hierarchical mobility database structure. The cost functions of location updates and paging are formulated analytically. We prove analytically that there is an optimal fractional movement threshold that minimizes the total cost function. Our study shows that the proposed scheme outperforms the previous two-tier mobility database scheme, especially when the remote-local-cost ratio is high.