Enhanced image watermarking using adaptive pixel prediction

In this paper, an adaptive original pixel prediction is proposed to enhance the watermark retrieval performance of the image watermarking method proposed in the previous paper. Accordingly, our proposed method adaptively removes one or more surrounding pixel(s) around the predicted pixel, depending on a given threshold, to improve the accuracy in the original pixel prediction process. The experimental results show the improved performance in term of the accuracy of the retrieved watermark, compared to the retrieval method from previous papers. We also evaluate the robustness of our watermarking approach against various attacks i.e. Gaussian noise, JPEG compression, image cropping and contrast enhancement.