Novel first-order and second-order current mode filters using dual-output OTAs and grounded capacitors

In this paper, a general first order structure using dual output OTA is explored to derive new first-order and second-order filters using OTAs with dual outputs and grounded capacitors. Two first-order all-pass filters that have been obtained are presented together with an analysis of non-idealities of OTAs viz., finite bandwidth and parasitic output and input resistances and capacitances. Second-order all-pass filters obtained by using OTA-C simulated inductances using the first-order structure are also presented. The realization of quadrature oscillators using the proposed first-order all-pass networks is also considered.