Full-wave PEEC time domain solver based on leapfrog scheme

This paper describes a full-wave transient simulation technique based on the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method and a leapfrog scheme. Usually, the quasi-static PEEC method, which does not include retardation of coupling effects, constructs a dense circuit matrix due to instantaneous interaction of the mutual couplings. On the other hand, it is known that sparsity can be exploited if the retardation is taken into account so that the mutual elements affect with delay. The network realized by the PEEC method is often solved by a modified nodal analysis-based direct solver. In this work, we apply the leapfrog scheme to the time domain formulation of the retarded PEEC networks instead of the conventional direct solver. The leapfrog scheme is one of the explicit finite difference methods in the time domain and has an advantage of few computational complexities. Example simulations of asymmetric interconnects show that the leapfrog-based solver is suitable for the full-wave PEEC simulations in the time domain.