Timestamping events for inferring `affects´ relation and potential causality

The authors define a relation, `affects´, between every pair of events based on a relation `locally affects´ for each process between each pair of events on the process. A mechanism for timestamping events is defined such that `affects´ relation, and so potential concurrency, between events can be inferred from their timestamps. A timestamping mechanism is presented such that potential concurrency can be inferred partially/completely and the extent of such inferring depends on the costs associated with the mechanism. Inferring `affects´ relationship can be used for debugging and for inferring potential concurrency between events in traces of executions