A multi-objective genetic algorithm based approach for energy efficient QoS-routing in two-tiered Wireless Sensor Networks

With the growing demand for real time services in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), quality of service (QoS) based routing has emerged as an interesting research topic. But offering some QoS guarantee in sensor networks raises significant challenges. The network needs to cope with battery constraints, while providing QoS (end-to-end delay and reliability) guarantees. Designing such QoS routing protocols that optimize multiple objectives is computationally intractable. Higher power relay nodes can be used as cluster heads in a two-tiered WSN and these relay nodes may form a network among themselves to route data towards the sink. In this model, the QoS guarantee is determined mainly by these relay nodes. In this paper a solution based on NSGA-II is proposed for energy efficient QoS routing in cluster based WSNs. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol outperforms network performance by optimizing multiple QoS parameters and energy consumption.