Temperature-dependent performance of lithium ion batteries in electric vehicles

The available driving range of electric vehicles is strongly affected by environmental temperatures. The primary cause is the poor performance of the battery pack under low temperature. This paper focuses on the study of the temperature-dependent performance of lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries. The battery of one major commercial available electric vehicle is examined. A series of tests including Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy test, dynamic driving schedule test and others are conducted under controlled temperatures. The temperature influence on the performance and characteristics of battery is discussed and analyzed. Based on the experimental results, the temperature-dependent battery model can be developed for the prediction of available driving range as well vehicle control development for EV and PHEV.