Robust ECG R-R wave peak detection using Evolutionary-Programming-based Fuzzy Inference System (EPFIS) and its application to assessing brain-gut interaction

Some recent studies have shown that gastric electrical stimulation can entrain gastric dysrhythmia, reduce chronic symptoms and accelerate gastric emptying. However, the possible mechanisms involved remain unknown. This study investigated whether electrical stimulation is vagally mediated by assessing the heart rate variability (HRV). The study was performed in six healthy female hound-dogs implanted with four pairs of bipolar serosal electrodes, which were used to measure gastric myoelectrical activity. A special fuzzy neural network, which is called the Evolutionary-Programming-based Fuzzy Inference System (EPFIS), was developed to identify the R-R wave so as to precisely extract the R-R interval and derive the HRV data. A high-resolution adaptive time-frequency analysis method based on ARMA modeling, developed previously in our laboratory, was used to obtain high-quality HRV spectral parameters