Development of a 3-D GPR simulator using the FDTD method

The Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the electromagnetic scattering from a target buried in a layer of randomly distributed trunks. Using the moment method checks the validity of the second-order scattering field (interaction of target-trunk pairs). An iterative algorithm and spherical vector wave function are used to calculate the scattering matrix of the finite-length multi-layer dielectric cylinder and target (sphere) respectively. Finally, the influences of the bark layer and the roughness of the surface on the scattering pattern of the target (sphere) are discussed for the L band, C band and X band. Because of the effect of random media such as trunks, the scattering coefficients for the target become smaller. The low frequency can be used for the purpose of target detection and recognition buried in random media. The present work provides a theoretical basis for the simulated scattering from targets buried in forest canopies including the effects of multiple scattering.