RMS sensor techniques in modern AC measuring instruments

Alternating Voltage has to rely on various transfer standards to define its `Volt´. These devices exploit the definition of the RMS value of an arbitrary waveform as the DV value that would deliver an equal power to a load. Such transfers were made using a glass encapsulated thermocouple centred on a resistive wire load as the means of establishing this transfer. Now solid state devices are available which perform this task with increased speed, performance and accuracy and allow new applications to be developed