Energy-efficient data acquisition in wireless sensor networks through spatial correlation

The application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is restrained by their often-limited lifetime. A sensor node´s lifetime is fundamentally linked to the volume of data that it senses, processes and reports. Spatial correlation between sensor nodes is an inherent phenomenon to WSNs, induced by redundant nodes which report duplicated information. In this paper, we report on the design of a distributed sampling scheme referred to as the `Virtual Sampling Scheme (VSS)´. VSS is formed from two components: an algorithm for forming virtual clusters and a distributed sampling method. VSS primarily utilizes redundancy of sensor nodes to get only a subset to sense the environment at any one time. Sensor nodes that are not sensing the environment are in a low-power sleep state, thus conserving energy. Furthermore, VSS balances the energy consumption amongst nodes by using a round robin method.