The dynamics of tsunamis

The dynamics of tsunamis can be broadly classified into: a) generation; b) propagation across the ocean; and c) the coastal problem. Here the source mechanisms for the seismic generation of tsunamis are briefly reviewed. The generation of tsunamis by sources other than earthquakes, such as volcanic ex plosions, landslides, and underground nuclear tests are also considered. Tsunamis propagate across the oceans in the form of long gravity waves and travel time charts that are in use are briefly reviewed. The prediction of tsunami amplitudes on the coast, through numerical models, and empirical and statistical models, is then considered. Finally, the present day tsunami warning systems are reviewed and recent advances such as using T-phase and atmospheric internal gravity waves are considered.