Results of multiband (L,S,Ku band) propagation measurements for high elevation angle land mobile satellite channel

The authors report on the results of a propagation campaign undertaken to characterize the fading nature of land mobile satellite channels at high elevation angles. The land mobile satellite channel behaviour may be summarized as follows: (1) as the path elevation angle to the satellite increases, the attenuation due to shadowing and multipath due to channel conditions reduce; (2) in general, signal attenuation increases as a function of increasing radio-frequency; (3) the effect of foliage density on the attenuation level has been found to be significant, particularly at higher elevation angles; and (4) the fading character of the land mobile satellite channel is significantly dependent upon the type of surrounding environment