Beam Pointing Error of Wideband Planar Phased Array Antennas with Reduced True-Time-Delay Devices

Phased array antennas have primarily been used for narrowband systems such as radar. However, in recent years, these systems have been increasingly used for wideband applications, such as satellite communication. In this paper, we derive approximation formulas for calculating the beam pointing error of a wideband planar phased array antenna with reduced true-time-delay devices. The results obtained by the application of the formulas were consistent with the simulation results. We also propose a simple method for compensating the pointing error and demonstrate that the method is effective using simulation results.