Stochastic programming for energy planning in microgrids with renewables

Energy management for a microgrid featuring distributed generation from conventional and renewable energy sources and adjustable loads is the theme of this paper. The microgrid is connected to the main grid, thus enabling energy import from and export to the main grid. A two-stage stochastic programming formulation is developed, where first-stage decisions are the conventional generation schedules and adjustable load set points, while second-stage decisions include energy transactions with the main grid as well as load adjustments made in real time. The two-stage problem is reformulated as an equivalent linear program. Simulated tests demonstrate the interplay between the various energy management decisions.