Position Determining Systems and Their Application to Real-Time Water-Quality Mapping in Bays and Estuaries

Procedures and techniques are described for selecting a reference planar coordinate system, locating reference stations for automated positioning and generating digital map overlays on cruise track images in inshore marine water-quality mapping operations. A method of determining coordinates of shore-based reference stations using digitized scaling of maps and charts is presented. The use of manual navigation techniques as primary or contingency mapping tools is also discussed.