Combined use of various passive radar techniques and angle of arrival using music for the detection of ground moving objects

The detection of ground moving targets, such as humans and ground vehicles is important for border security. Using the data received from a passive radar system, an algorithm was developed to pinpoint the location of ground moving objects over a fixed area. The algorithm combines the data from cross-correlation range-Doppler techniques with the data from angle of arrival Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) techniques. The extracted time-delay values from the derived ambiguity function are converted into ellipse ranges and then joined with MUSIC´S derived target angles; the intersection point between the range ellipses and angle of arrival (AOA) lines provides estimation of the target location. By combining the derived intersection points from all the various still images of a moving target, a target tracking plot was generated. These algorithms were tested theoretically in both free space and in the presence of artificial background noise particles. The system and algorithm was also tested experimentally using a 1-GHz cell phone antenna (emitting a BPSK signal) as the source, dipole antennas as the receivers, and a conducting cylinder as the target. This experiment was conducted in an outdoor environment to simulate noisy and realistic conditions.