A Survey of Wide Area Measurment Technology in Electrical Networks

Deregulation, competitive electricity market, aging transmission lines, lack of transmission expansion, environmental constraints and increased applications of power electronics make the power system more complex and forcing power system to operate closer to their limits and to utilize the existing assets more efficiently. To operate under these constraints and still maintain high reliability is a very challenging task requiring new technology and solutions. For decades, traditional supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) measurements have been providing information on bus voltage, transmission line, generator, and transformer flows, transformer taps, breaker status as well as others system parameters. However, monitoring and control of such large Grid only steady state information may not be sufficient. Wide area measurement technology (Synchrophasor measurement technology) provides dynamic view of the grid. This paper describes about the details of the phasor, synchrophasor, synchrophasor standards and wide area measurement technology.