Development of ammonia synthesis

Ammonia production is a high energy and capital-intensive industry as it obliges high temperature (400-500°C) and also high pressure (150-300 bar) for its daily processes. Two moles of ammonia are obtained by reacting one mole of nitrogen and three moles of hydrogen gases in the existence of conventional catalyst which are magnetite (Fe₃O₄). The process to produce ammonia is known as Haber-Bosch process which was developed and patented by Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch in 1916. Since then more work on ammonia production was carried out with the goal to achieve higher ammonia yield.