Denormalization effects on performance of RDBMS

Presents a practical view of denormalization, and provides fundamental guidelines for incorporating denormalization. We have suggested using denormalization as an intermediate step between logical and physical modeling, to be used as an analytic procedure for the design of the applications requirements criteria. Relational algebra and query trees are used to examine the effect on the performance of relational database management systems (RDBMS). The guidelines and methodology presented are sufficiently general, and they can be applicable to most databases. It is concluded that denormalization can enhance query performance when it is deployed with a complete understanding of application requirements.