Modeling for train-ground communication channel based on WSN

In this paper, wireless sensor network (WSN) is deployed along the high speed railway to monitor around environment and to communicate with the high speed trains, which will improve the security of high speed rail significantly. Therefore, modeling a communication channel between the train and the ground nodes has very important significance. In this paper, a deployment scheme of wireless sensor network on a viaduct is first given, and then, considering the unique characteristics of the high speed train runs on the viaduct, the train-ground communication channel is modeled as a finite-state Markov chain (FSMC). Unlike most existing channel models, which divide the location extent of a train into n non-overlapping intervals uniformly, in our channel model, the intervals are first divided based on path loss model. And then, we partition each interval uniformly into some smaller intervals. The simulated data of communication channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is produced by MATLAB, and the accuracy improvement of channel model is illustrated by comparing with an existing channel model.