A load balanced cluster head election for uniform/non-uniform deployment over wireless sensor networks

Energy efficiency is the important key for Wireless Sensor Networks. To achieve long lifetime in large-scale network, the network is divided into several clusters; each cluster includes its cluster head responsible for every activities which impact to network performance. Consequently, this study proposes a cluster head election scheme called Grid Sectoring to increase distribution of load balancing over both uniform and non-uniform deployment by partitioning a grid network area into equal-sized clusters. In other words, each cluster will equally distribute number of node member and enhance load balancing. Moreover, the study provides the selected cluster heads which are located nearest to a center of each cluster in order to enhance distribution of load balancing as well. This position of selected cluster heads will be surrounded with many nodes to reduce the bottleneck problem. Furthermore, the results not only verified that the proposed algorithm could distribute load balancing better than LEACH, ACHS, and EACHS, but also implied that the proposed could extend the network performance and the network lifetime even more.