Estimating the residual travel distance of an electrical scooter

The discharge and ageing effects of a battery impair the reliability of state of charge estimated using the battery terminal voltage. The user of an electric scooter does not have a proper knowledge of the remaining travel distance (RTD) that the scooter could carry on and the scooter may be out of power on the way. This study tries to establish an RTD estimation model using ANFIS as a replacement to the traditional battery terminal voltage method. The ANFIS-based estimator predicted the RTD using the battery terminal voltage, discharging current, battery temperature, scooter speed, and travel distance as the input vector. The input vector accounts for the electrical and chemical behaviours of the battery. The estimator predicted the RTD at an accuracy of 91%.