A robust transform domain watermarking technique by triangular and diagonal factorization

Watermarking is a major technology to achieve copyright protection and multimedia security. In this study, combination of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) via Lower-and-Upper (LU) Decomposition is proposed as a watermarking algorithm. Experimental results show that proposed algorithm is robust against filtering, scaling, JPEG compression, rotation, cropping, and salt & pepper noise attacks by high Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Structural Similarity (MSSIM) values on embedding and high Similarity Ratio (SR) values on extracting watermarks. Apart from robustness and imperceptibility; the other novel side of this study is to expand the application areas of watermarking with a new algorithm consisting DWT, SVD, and LU together and this study will be redounded in the literature for certain cases.