Electric vehicles participating in frequency control: Operating islanded systems with large penetration of renewable power sources

This paper addresses the problematic of operating isolated networks with large penetration of intermittent renewable power sources, as well as the benefits that electric vehicles might bring to these systems. A small island´s network was used as case study and a 100% renewable dispatch for a valley period, only with hydro and wind generation, was tested in a dynamic simulation platform developed in Eurostag. Two distinct wind speed disturbances were simulated and, for both, the impact in the network´s frequency was evaluated considering two different situations: electric vehicles only in charging mode and electric vehicles participating in primary frequency control. It was assumed the existence of 575 electric vehicles in the island. The impact of having electric vehicles performing primary frequency control in the expected batteries state of charge was also evaluated.