A scalable mobility-adaptive location service with Kalman-based prediction

Geographic routing protocols have imposed significant challenges for Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) to achieve scalability. These routing protocols use location information of mobile nodes in forwarding decisions. However, geographic routing protocols require location management services that handle the location updates sent by nodes and resolve their queries. Most of the location services found in MANET literature resolve the queries as the last stored location which usually makes degradation in the accuracy of the location information due to mobility. In this paper we propose a scalable and energy efficient location service which employs hierarchical geographic clustering structure and considers energy when selecting cluster leaders. Furthermore, our location service is mobility adaptive as it is assisted by mobility prediction model using the well known Kalman Filter. In the proposed protocol, the location servers estimate the locations of the mobile nodes by using the last location information instead of resolving the queries by the last known locations. Through computer simulation, we evaluate the performance of our proposal. Results show an improved performance of our proposal.