An improved voltage start for newton power flow in rectangular form

The initial voltages are great important to the convergence property of Newton power flow in rectangular form. The flat voltage start is very available for power systems with normal branches, but invalid for power systems with small impedance branches. So an improved voltage start is presented to solve the divergence problem of Newton power flow in rectangular form caused by small impedance branches. Experimental results validate the convergence analysis and illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.