Front contact pastes with increased aspect ratio to achieve higher efficiency on screen printed solar cells

In this paper, we discuss our approach of paste formulations on silvers, frits, vehicles, and additives, and developing several silver pastes which are capable of achieving higher aspect ratio finger lines using a standard industrial screen printer. The paste formulations played a critical role in building thick prints and fine line resolution. The improvement of the paste coupled with the printing optimization, produced higher aspect ratio Great Wall finger lines. The electrical performance of the cells that were screen-printed with this paste was better than that of the reference pastes; they showed fill factors of 0.4-1.7% and efficiencies of 0.2-1.6% greater than the reference pastes.