A New Closed-Form Frequency Estimator in the Presence of Fading-Induced Multiplicative Noise

This paper deals with the correlation-based carrier frequency offset estimation (CFO) problem in the presence of fading-induced multiplicative noise. We derive a new closed- form estimator using the nonlinear least-squares principle in conjunction with the summation-by-parts formula. The proposed estimator, as opposed to most of the existing methods, is able to operate at the maximum estimation range of about plusmn0.5 the symbol rate without the additional phase unwrapping and robust to the lack of information on the form of the correlation of the multiplicative noise. The performance of the proposed estimator is shown to be efficient in both non-fading and fading scenarios.