A multi-hop routing protocol based on grid optimization for wireless sensor networks

The node´s energy of wireless sensor networks is limited, so saving energy and prolonging network´s lifetime is very important. A multi-hop routing protocol based on grid optimization (MhRPGO) is proposed to improve network´s performance in wireless sensor networks. The clustering topology based on grid is used in the network layer, and grid optimization algorithm is adopted to optimize the node´s number of neighbor grids in order to equal the number of nodes in different grids. The residual energy and location information of node is used to select cluster head so as to balance the energy consumption of network, and the cluster head replacement mechanism is adopted to replace the old cluster head when its energy is below the energy threshold. The simulation results show that MhRPGO is able to improve clustering feature of network, equally consume network´s energy, significantly reduce the number of lost packets which is due to the death of cluster head, and extend the network´s lifetime.