Development of a broadband noise primary standard in coaxial technology

In this communication the design, manufacturing and reflectivity measurements of a broadband primary standard for thermal noise measurements, which will be the Spanish national standard, are presented. In the novel approach presented here, the noise temperature is calculated by means of a hybrid analytical-numerical simulation methodology, which is able to obtain the thermal and electromagnetic behavior of the standard, pointing out the critical characteristics that mostly affect the uncertainty in the noise temperature.