An insensitive current mode universal biquad: multi-input multi-output

A current mode multi-input multi-output (MIMO) universal biquad using multi-output CCCII (MO-CCCII) is presented. The filter offers the following attractive features: orthogonal control of Q₀ and ω₀, electronic control of ω₀, Q₀, ω₀/Q₀ and band pass gain via bias currents of MO-CCCII, convenience for monolithic integration because of all grounded passive elements, high output impedance and low sensitivity. The theoretical and simulated results are found to be well in agreement. The circuit is also analyzed for nonideal current conveyors to show that it still functions as a MIMO universal biquad but with slightly altered values of ω₀ and Q₀.