Process-variation robust and low-power zero-skew buffered clock-tree synthesis using projected scan-line sampling

Zero-skew clock-tree with minimum clock-delay is preferable due to its low unintentional and process-variation induced skews. We propose a zero-skew buffered clock-tree synthesis flow and a novel algorithm that enables clock-tree optimization throughout the full zero-skew design-space by considering simultaneous buffer-insertion, buffer-sizing, and wire-sizing. For an industrial clock-tree with 3101 sink nodes, our algorithm achieves up to 45X clock-delay improvement and up to 23% power reduction compared with its initial routing.