Multi-State Load Models for Distribution System Analysis

Recent work in the field of distribution system analysis has shown that the traditional method of peak load analysis is not adequate for the evaluation of emerging distribution system technologies. Voltage optimization, demand response, electric vehicle charging, and energy storage are examples of technologies with characteristics having daily, seasonal, and/or annual variations. In addition to the seasonal variations, emerging technologies such as demand response and plug-in electric vehicle charging have the potential to receive control signals that affects their energy consumption. To support time-series analysis over different time frames and to incorporate potential control signal inputs, detailed end-use load models that accurately represent loads under various conditions, and not just during the peak load period, are necessary. This paper will build on previous end-use load modeling work and outline the methods of general multi-state load models for distribution system analysis.