Power flow solution with controls and limits represented by nonlinear programming techniques

This paper shows a new modeling for voltage controlled generation buses, avoiding bus type switching and consequently maintaining the fast decoupled matrix B" constant. The consideration of controls and limits is done through the alternate adjustment technique, and can be incorporated to load flow computational programs based on Newton\´s and decoupled methods. After the load flow convergence, the resulting operating state of the electric system is as close as possible to the actual system\´s operating state, provided it is feasible.