Demand side energy management with PSO and regulated electric vehicles behaviours

A real-time optimal appliance usage strategy based on binary particle swarm algorithm is presented in the paper with the participation of both energy suppliers and end-users. Under the multi end-users and time-of-use electricity prices incentive circumstances, the total electricity bills of end-users can be generated with different appliance usage patterns: random or optimized modes, resulting in different load curves. Moreover, the function of electric vehicles to the grid (V2G) is investigated and analyzed considering its characteristics as both energy consumption load and energy resource. Matlab simulation tool is used to perform the experiments to prove that the load shifting, energy saving and energy supply efficiency enhancement can be achieved with particle swarm optimization.