Numerical Modeling of Grounding Systems for Aboveground and Underground Substations

In this paper, we present a numerical model based on the boundary element method that allows to analyze the grounding systems (GSs) of aboveground and underground substations under different locations and considerations. The proposed formulation allows to consider most of the specific properties and conditions of this kind of substations, i.e., complex geometry, different material properties, and different grounding grid configurations, and to study phenomena like transferred potentials by earthing electrodes. Finally, GSs of real substations have been analyzed as application examples.