Array Pattern Synthesis of Real Antennas Using the Infinite-Array Approach and Linear Programming

This work proposes an efficient optimization methodology of antenna array excitations accounting for the effects of mutual couplings and real radiating patterns of array elements with complex geometry. The method is formulated as a linear programming problem providing multibeam patterns with specified beamwidths, constraints on sidelobe and cross-polar levels, and null pointing directions. A matrix formulation is used to integrate the optimization procedure and a finite-array analysis based on the infinite-array approach, in which the periodic radiating element is characterized by a full-wave and hybrid procedure, combining the domain decomposition technique, the finite-element method, and modal analysis. Numerical examples of arrays of open-ended waveguides, microstrip antennas, and dielectric resonator antennas are presented.