A graph-theoretic approach to modeling network effects of phase shifters on active power loop flows

This paper proposes a new method for modeling effects of phase shifters in “DC” electric power networks. The new model, based on the diakoptics algorithm, provides intuitive graph-theoretic insights on how phase shifters affect real power line flows. The effect of a phase shifter is modeled with loop flows in every basic loop of a meshed graph representing an electric power system. The model can be used to analyze the active power line flows as the superposition of the loop flows caused by a phase shifter and the loop flows created by power injections. Compared to the conventional distribution matrix-based approach, this method provides a straightforward interpretation of power flow redistribution by means of phase shifters. The new modeling technique is illustrated on an example along with a potential application for loop flow reduction.