Error propagation in linear and non-linear systems for False Data Injection Attack

Due to technological advancement, the integration of cyber systems with the physical power system has increased security concerns. The cyber security issues and the impact of various attacks on the smart grid have become an integral part of the smart grid. False Data Injection Attack (FDIA) is one of the many ways to compromise a system. In this, measurements are biased by deliberate addition of errors, which in turn, affect the state variables of the system. This paper discusses the impact of FDIA on the smart grid. The paper analyses the effect of FDIA on the non-linear state estimator. It further compares the impact of FDIA on the non-linear state estimator with that of the linear state estimator. This comparison is explained using propagation of error.