Refractivity gradient in lowest layer of atmosphere near Arabian Sea

Radio frequency signals, while propagating through atmosphere, are subject to different propagation mechanisms and conditions. Signals propagating via tropospheric refraction can experience different degrees of refraction, which is dependent on meteorological conditions. This study uses radiosonde meteorological data from year 2010 for Karachi to analyse the refractive conditions in lowest 100m of atmosphere. The annual statistics are analysed and compared with historic readings. Considerable differences between current and previous studies are observed. Long term measurements and subsequent analysis are recommended.