Optimal solution of plug in hybrid electric vehicles to minimize cost and emission in a Smart Grid - a developing country view

Power generation and environmental impact are two most important problems of any economy. An approach to solve this problem is to utilize a Smart Grid model in combination with vehicle to grid(V₂G) technology. System planner needs to know the optimal operating point of grid-vehicles interaction before proposing new infrastructure for electric vehicles(EVs) integration. In this paper the authors tested a ten machine system to find the maximum possible numbers of electric vehicles that can be integrated with grid while maintaining a balance between generation cost and fuel emission. The building of new infrastructure will depend upon the number of integrated EVs and the optimality choice of the economy. Emergency inverter backups(IBk) in power deficient countries that have the potential to support the grid, is also integrated. Pareto-Optimal curve of Emission-vs-Cost is given to provide a stable transition from priority of minimum cost to least emission based generation.