Demand responce through interactive incorporation of plug-in electric vehicles

PEV coordination introduces a significant challenge in demand response programs (DR). In one hand, there is a serious challenge due to uncertainty and dynamics associated with PEVs to be devoted to DR. In another hand, with proper charging and communication infrastructure, PEVs may play a dual role in smart grids; they may eventually either turn into Interruptible Loads (IL) when plugged in for charging or act as grid-able storage responding to the pricing commands. This paper aims to provide an approach that realises DR using aggregated PEVs in parking lots. This approach includes a real-time interaction between the aggregator and the PEV owner, where the aggregator suggests different offers and, accordingly, the owner responds based on his/her preference. A multi-stage optimization solution is proposed here to accommodate properly different offers to the PEV owners, while it is benefiting from an ANN-based forecast model to incorporate the effect of the future PEV arrivals in the decision actions. Implementation results on the 38-bus test system indicate how effectively the proposed solution could help future smart parking lots in DR contribution.