Electrically small fractal antennas

The design of electrically small antennas continues to be a challenging effort, primarily due to the tradeoffs involved in reducing antenna electrical size while attempting to maintain some level of acceptable impedance and bandwidth at lower frequencies, especially in HF band applications. Fractal geometries offer a practical solution to these challenges by providing a method for generating complex structures within a bounded region in achieving performance goals with electrically small designs. Fractal geometries can offer a suitable alternative when design requirements and restrictions on maximum height and volume would otherwise not support self-resonance at a lower required frequency. Several new antenna designs developed using fractal concepts are presented along with comparative results.