Comparison of energy yield data of fifteen PV module technologies operating in four different climates

The electrical performance and energy yield of 15 PV modules of different technologies were studied under four different climate conditions. Prior to outdoor exposure intensive laboratory tests were performed with regard to low-irradiance behavior, spectral dependence and temperature effects of the modules. Measurements according to IEC 61853-1 provided basic information about the non-linear behavior of PV modules. The spectral response was determined and the solar spectral irradiance was measured to gain detailed information about the spectral dependency of different technologies. The weather data was analyzed for each climatic region and the energy yield of each module was calculated and analyzed.